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< i<5 ßinXei -7«öv 'IXXvpluv." Aufklärungen über die dabei statt» ßnlende Vermittelung de« Scheich« Ali Bestami, welche Chalcondyla« «u »«deutet, gibt Hammer II, S. 7N und die dazu gehörige Anmer» k«« Zl. 551. Räch türtischen Quellen vollzog dieser gelehrte Scheich !lllft die Hinrichtung. Nach Andern wurde der unglückliche König erst ««!fießt und dann mit Pfeilen erschossen, nach Einigen sogar geschun» tm, »Ku^un»', erzählt z. B. l> http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=fr&u=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9DpbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA751%26lpg%3DPA716%26vq%3Dcosova%26dq%3Dwegraysz%26lr%3D%26hl%3Dfr%26output%3Dtext%23c_top
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parties in Bosnia. 142

"nlußten him about his father's infidelity, even at Nathias king and the pope traveled to severe complaints').

But the violent death of the weak king was made to light, to provide the rich power and unity. No sooner was the body of the murdered in the Kö »igsgräbern to St. Johann in Suttieska ceremoniously buried" ground, as the rumor of the unnatural death of the king, the country more than ever came to party strife and feud. Catherine, widow of the king wanted the lhron claim for himself and avenge the murder of her husband at his own son; Ban Radivoj, the king's brother, as it was believed, also not no part in the murder of it, rose again claims to the rule, which he seeks to assert prior periods Ver, "and Stephen Thomasschevich was, moreover, in the possession of power, as the rightful heir to the succession. For all three candidates are parties formed among the magnates and the country.

Sektmhaß and persecution of heretics increased the onion "costume and embittered the dispute over the crown. For long ago, Bosnia was torn apart in this respect in themselves and divided into two camps, which were facing each other with undying enmity: On the one hand, the Orthodox Catholic Christians who to the Holy See held, on the other the heretical Vlanichäer who wanted to apply for the pure and the "semi Cathars (X" T ° ep5 '"

had been the old king in the evil reputation that he against this heresy not zetreten with due rigor, "that he had favored in secret himself, said now, however, the Sobn, to make sure of the favor and the assistance of the Pope, to open and implacable pursuer these apostates and went against them immediately with violence one. Two thousand of the "same could be to save only goods and chattels, 122 against

l) T there 124.

Will by the Catholic baptism resume in dm bosom of the only true Klrche, 40,
should have hauptet were sent as prisoners to Rome GE, "housed there in various monasteries, and, in penance and mortification of the flesh, by the cardinal of S. Sisto trained so long in the true faith, until they could be formally renounced their heresy and as true Christ "most released back into their homes').

had by this brilliant proof faithful adherence to the Church and the Holy See, Stephan Thomasschevich course, as he believed, was acquired from Pope Pius II, the most powerful friend and ally, not only against the other Pretender, but also against the common enemy of Christendom, the Sultan of Dsmanen. Also gave Pius II this faithful son of the church was well pleased to recognize immediately in that he sidi his lieutenants, who were already for a long time in those areas, again much to my heart, put not only the king with the then applied Sub ' to assist in every way funds, in all of Bosnia to preach the cross and all who take off in person to fight against the Turks or by others who have rendered outstanding assistance to the holy work would be to bestow unlimited drain '). Moreover, he invited the king, like all the other princes Christian, healing, to appear in Mantua, where, in solemn council, Pope unter.des personal Presidencies, the matter de "

1) Vobellini? kontiüci n N" IU. " O "" nt "lü" now "- m" s "bi1iuin, <.) oder, im Munde des Volkes etwas entstellt, gewöhnlich Patarener genannt wurden.

u" t "l" pos> bu "" ui "r" ntiß "runt" tc, k> "m"

2 ) Two papal writing for that purpose "of May and June 1459 are at lloton" Ni "e" it. "SSU" Uunz, "" "1 XIV, p. 270-275.

parties in Bosnia. . 145
Tnrlenkrieges in further Community council GE "; should graze" gene.

If, therefore, was the material of first aid is not just of concern at first, it was but instead of the king iv moral influence significantly. He considered himself against his rivals and believed also to the Ottomans' "immediately to take a stronger position. Suppurate on 3 June, he issued from Pristina from all his vassals a call, with their banners still in this month's run on the "through a two-time DSMA nmschlacht (1389 and 1448) already so famous plane Rigomezeu, ie the field of Kosovo in Kossowa einzu» find to get out of there as soon as possible, against the Ds' manes into the field to draw. "For which faithful followers of Christ and the Orthodox faith, "it said at the conclusion of the royal circular," may contain the tears when he looks at the fall of Constantinople - So we have to collect this month of June on the level of Kossowa us and collectively to take off this dragon, so he auespeie not poison us about '). " However, King Stephen

Whether this call then an actually meant seriously, and not rather out with such very different things in the army have shields, especially towards his liege lord, King Mathias' on Hungary needs to be left aside. It is certain that He immediately afterwards, allegedly a treacherous understandings According to and, as it was believed, at least, for a heavy sum of gold, the important frontier fortress of Semen "dr", the junction between Bosnia, Servia, the Wa "Lassko and Hungary, without a blow in the hands of the Ottomans supplied, which could then return a strong crew "'). <> <»l. 1814 I<. IV, p. 125.

1) This "letter: there T. 276th About the two battles b «« offow "under Murad I and Murad II, Nd. I, this "works", ". M sgg. and ". 722 fgg.

2) V "d" llini aav l>. HI, N o.

Zinl'isen "Tesch. d. o 'you. Reich. " II.10

this treachery, which we stayed the case of Consta "tinopel equally outraged the whole of Christendom, and made the king, now the Pope and King Mathias enemies. Plus II now wanted not only to him at the council at Mantua with its Ge »sent requirement that, to him is that guaranteed the independent royal crown and the protection of the Catholic" faith in Bosnia tables two or three bishops would be used, which also the authority should have to perform in the future of his followers received the crown, do not let him and his country but also by his legate, the Bishop of Phara, impose excommunication and interdict first

The Pope was here chiefly to pressure and persuasion of King Mathias, to do what it was, above all for the preservation of his suzerainty over the Bosnian crown. It was in this respect, it was positive to say through his lieutenants to get nothing, for the Ver »rätherischc convention Stephan's with the Turks saw him more, like all that was Schehen while his papacy, GE," with horror and pain met; at least he will now give him the royal crown, which has repeatedly demanded, but refused by his predecessors always tried "had been and how he, Mathias, an unknown" quarrelsome law I ').

must have taken place in June od "to its embrace of July. For Piu 'Second, they explicitly mentioned in a letter to the Margrave of Brandenburg Ulbricht of 24 July 1459, "by ll" l. "n". a. D. p. 2?.

1) Pontifical 'letter of 18 therefore January 14NN: Il "r" s ". a. l3. p. 341.
< sagt geradezu: „»e««l,!li, l'mci», m»ßn» »uri p«n6«« oppiüum v«ntU6it." Die Übergabt

2) letters de "pope," so to his legate in Hungary and honey Mathi "itself: Xaton» AAVP 343-348. Vr have dm Minister Stephen '"he wrote to his lieutenants, the violence," made allegations "» "ti," loeent ",
!" Tui " Nobi, "lt on 'i, i" "ju" to T'ur "" ONV "nt>" ... ll "e" "i" Nuin "i" "pt" 'mu', 'mnibu "p" l "mt" i "n6

and Pope sought Plus 147 n.

On the other hand, Stephan also the likes of the Pope to restore calm as possible. Not from fniem will, he left him by his envoys present, but forced by Roth, he had the Turks Se> "handed nldra, moreover, he had even his devotion to dt" true faith and the Holy See by Regulation "tttibung the Patar from his kingdom proved sufficiently; ersoll "him again by the spell and therefore only be Interdict" free him and his counsel henceforth NOT BE 'say'). mnern

knew Despite this awkward situation in "the Stephen in the next few years, both against his express as against his enemies rather to keep" ten. Sultan Mohammed undertook after the occupation "on Semendra and some other small fortresses on the Danube Morawa and during the 1459 and 1460 in 1460 in these areas no longer relevant. The Ottoman "American privateer, which from time to time in Bosnia invaded" were, by Stephan's vassals, which limits the "zen protected, kept in check. Only in 1461 was the position of the Ottomans in 1461 to threaten this country again "d", as the feud for the throne neuentbrannte Moham "neb again gave the opportunity, in the inner ratio" results to mix the empire.

Ban Radiwoy, Sigismund, the younger brother de "King and the Queen Mother Catherine wanted equal time," if not the whole kingdom, but at least a portion of each rule independently of it. And while "mld turned their gaze to one to Rome and to Hungary, where King Stephen was still" not good, do not despise the others, even Moham "ned to call as a referee. This therefore imparted his Beglerbeg Isa, which Skopia to be state »Narti had, even before the outcome of the 1461 Be"

l) "O" s "i" unl "says de ee in the letter," Pope "to Kioig Vtathi 'Stephen'" Messenger, "` "r growth" ßi, c "!-to"> "" cu "," "" erento » l," i ", il" tj, lui, "" no "" Iunt "ti" ". <», niliil tot» pontili<:»tu u<»»lso »««F. si»»«, «zuoä ln»ßi» su«ri»u,
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Funny Things To Write On Cd

1531 Version traduite de la page http://books.google.com/books?id=9DpbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA751&lpg=PA716&vq=cosova&dq=wegraysz&lr=&hl=fr&output=text # c_top

http://www.google.com/intl/fr/help/faq_translation.html

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http://translate.google. com translate /? hl = en & u = http% 3A% 2F% 2Fbooks.google.com 2Fbooks%% 3Fid% 3D9DpbAAAAQAAJ% 26pg% 3DPA751 26lpg%%% 3DPA716 26vq 3Dcosova%%% 26dq 3Dwegraysz% 26lr% 3D% 26hl% 3Dfr% %% 26output 3Dtext 23c_top
Pristina
parties in Bosnia. 142

"nlußten him, over his father's infidelity itself king Nathias and serious complaints to the pope went to ').

But the violent death of the weak king was made to light, to provide the rich power and unity. No sooner was the body of the murdered in the Kö »igsgräbern to St. Johann in Suttieska ceremoniously buried" ground, as the rumor of the unnatural death of the king, the country more than ever came to party strife and feud. Catherine, the king's widow wanted the lhron claim for himself and avenge the murder of her husband at his own son; Ban Radivoj, the king's brother, believed to have also not no part in the murder of it, rose again claims to the rule, before it times assert Ver "investigate and Stephan Thomasschevich existed also in the possession of power, as the rightful heir to the succession. For all three candidates are parties formed among the magnates and the country.

Sektmhaß and persecution of heretics increased the onion "costume and embittered the dispute over the crown. For long ago, Bosnia was in this relationship torn in themselves and in two camps divided, which faced each other with indelible hostility to each other: on the one hand, the Orthodox Catholic Christians who thought they were the Holy See, on the other the heretical Vlanichäer which would apply to the pure and the "semi Cathars (X "T ° ep5 '"

Had the old King stood in the evil reputation that he is not against these heretics zetreten with due rigor, "that he had favored in secret himself, said now, however, the Sobn, to make sure of the favor and the assistance of the Pope, to open and implacable pursuer these apostates and went against them immediately with violence. Two thousand of the "same could be to save only possessions, against

l) there T 122. 124.

will resume by the Catholic baptism in dm bosom of the only true Klrche, 40,
hauptet should have been, as prisoners sent to Rome, GE, "housed there in various monasteries, and, in penance and mortification of the flesh, by the Cardinal of San Sisto as long as instructed in the true faith, until their heresy formally renounced and as true Christ" most returned to their were discharged home ').

had by this brilliant proof faithful adherence to the Church and the Holy See, Stephan Thomasschevich course, as he believed, was acquired from Pope Pius II, the most powerful friend and ally, not only against the other pretender, but also against the common enemy of Christianity, the Sultan of Dsmanen. Pius II also gave the Church this faithful son of his delight immediately recognize the fact that he gave his lieutenants, who were already for a long time in those areas, again much to my heart, put not only the king with the then applied Sub 'Sidi to assist in every way, funds also in the whole of Bosnia, the to preach the cross and all who take off in person to fight against the Turks or by others who have rendered outstanding assistance to the holy work would be to bestow unlimited drain '). Moreover, he invited the king, like all the other princes of the Christians, healing, to appear in Mantua, where, in solemn council, Pope unter.des personal Presidencies, the matter de "

1) Vobellini? Kontiüci n N "IU." O "" nt "lü" now "- m" s "bi1iuin, <.) oder, im Munde des Volkes etwas entstellt, gewöhnlich Patarener genannt wurden.

u" t "l" pos> bu "" ui "r" ntiß "runt" tc, k> "m"

2 ) Two papal writing for that purpose "of May and June 1459 are at lloton" Ni "e" it. "SSU" Uunz, "" "1 XIV, p. 270-275.

parties in Bosnia. . 145
http://books.google.com/books?id=9DpbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA751&lpg=PA716&vq=cosova&dq=wegraysz&lr=&hl=fr&output=text # c_top

Tnrlenkrieges in further Community council GE "; should graze" gene.

If, therefore, was the material of first aid is not just of concern at first, it was but instead of the king iv moral influence significantly. He considered himself against his rivals and believed also to the Ottomans' "immediately to take a stronger position. Suppurate on 3 June, he issued from Pristina from all his vassals a call, with their banners still in this month's run on the "through a two-time DSMA nmschlacht (1389 and 1448) already so famous plane Rigomezeu, ie the field of Kosovo in Kossowa einzu» found to get out of there as soon as possible, against the Ds' manes into the field to draw. "For what faithful followers of Christ and the Orthodox faith," it said at the conclusion of the royal circular, "may contain the tears when he looks at the fall of Constantinople - So we have this month of June on the level of Kossowa We collect and move out jointly against this dragon, so he auespeie not poison us about '). " However, King Stephen <> <»l. 1814 I<. IV, p. 125.

Whether this call then an actually meant seriously, and not rather out with such very different things in the army have shields, especially towards his liege lord, King Mathias' on Hungary, remains to be seen. It is certain that he immediately afterwards, allegedly a treacherous understandings According to and, as it was believed, at least, for a heavy sum of gold, the important frontier fortress of Semen "dr", the junction between Bosnia, Servia, the Wa "Lassko and Hungary, without striking a blow at the hands of the Ottomans supplied, which returns a strong garrison there, "left").

1) This "letter: there T. 276th About the two battles b «« offow "under Murad I and Murad II, Nd. I, this "works", ". M sgg. and ". 722 fgg.

2) V "d" llini aav l>. HI, N o.

Zinl'isen "Tesch. d. o 'you. Reich. " II.10

this treachery, which we stayed the case of Consta "tinopel equally outraged the whole of Christendom, and made the king, now the Pope and King Mathias enemies. Plus II now wanted not only to him at the council at Mantua with its Ge »sent requirement that, to him is that guaranteed the independent royal crown and the protection of the Catholic" faith in Bosnia tables two or three bishops would be used, which also the authority should have to perform in the future at the coronation of his successors received, not, but allowed him and his country demonstrated also by his legate, the Bishop of Phara, with excommunication and interdict first

The Pope was here chiefly to pressure and persuasion of King Mathias, to do what it was, above all for the preservation of his suzerainty over the Bosnian crown. It was in this respect, it was positive to say through his lieutenants to get nothing, for the Ver »rätherischc convention Stephan's with the Turks saw him more, like all that was Schehen while his papacy, GE," with horror and pain met; at least he will now give him the royal crown, which has repeatedly demanded, but refused by his predecessors always tried "and had been to which he, Mathias, an unknown "law was quarrelsome ').

must have taken place in June od "to its embrace of July. For Piu 'Second, they explicitly mentioned in a letter to the Margrave of Brandenburg Ulbricht of 24 July 1459, "by ll" l. "n". a. D. p. 2?.

1) Pontifical 'letter of 18 therefore January 14NN: Il "r" s ". a. l3. p. 341.
< sagt geradezu: „»e««l,!li, l'mci», m»ßn» »uri p«n6«« oppiüum v«ntU6it." Die Übergabt

2) letters de "pope," so to his legate in Hungary and honey Mathi "itself: Xaton» AAVP 343-348. Vr have dm Minister Stephen '"he wrote to his lieutenants, the violence," made allegations "» "ti, "Loeent",
! "Tui" nobi, "lt on 'i, i" "ju" to T'ur "" ONV "nt>" ... ll "e" "i" Nuin "i" "pt" 'mu', 'mnibu "p" l "mt" i "n6

and Pope sought Plus 147 n.

On the other hand, Stephan also the likes of the Pope to restore calm as possible. Not from fniem will, he left him by his envoys present, but forced by Roth, he had the Turks Se> "handed nldra, moreover, he had even his devotion to dt" true faith and the Holy See by Regulation » tttibung the Patar from his kingdom sufficiently proved; ersoll "him again by the spell and therefore only be Interdict" free him and his counsel henceforth NOT BE 'say'). mnern

knew Despite this awkward situation in "the Stephen in the next few years, both against his express as against his enemies rather to keep" ten. Sultan Mohammed undertook after the occupation "on Semendra and some other small fortresses on the Danube Morawa and during the 1459 and 1460 in 1460 in these areas no longer relevant. The Ottoman "American privateer, which from time to time in Bosnia invaded" were, by Stephan's vassals, which "limits the zen protected, kept in check. Only in 1461 was 1461, the position of the Ottomans to again threaten this country "d", as the feud for the throne neuentbrannte Moham "neb again gave the opportunity, in the inner ratio" results to mix the empire.

Ban Radiwoy, Sigismund, the younger brother de "King and the Queen Mother Catherine wanted equal time," if not the whole kingdom, but at least a portion of each rule independently of it. And while "mld turned their gaze to one to Rome and to Hungary, where King Stephen was still" not good, do not despise the others, even Moham "ned to call as a referee. This therefore imparted his Beglerbeg Isa, who had Narti Skopia to be state "," before starting the year 1461 the Be "

l)" O "s" i "insoluble" according to the letter de ee "Pope" Kioig Vtathi 'Stephen' "Messenger," "" growth r «ßi, c"!-to ">" "cu", "" "erento» l, "i", il "tj, lui "" no "" Iunt "ti" ". <», niliil tot» pontili<:»tu u<»»lso »««F. si»»«, «zuoä ln»ßi» su«ri»u,





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version Traduit de la page http://books.google.com/books?id=9DpbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA751&lpg=PA716&vq=cosova&dq=wegraysz&lr=&hl=fr&output=text # c_top
:... "maritime du" 783 783
good as its actually reached end fin bien que son actually Even Gri-mani wanted to Doria's departure does not hold out longer En effet, Gri-mani voulu, après. Doria de départ, de ne plus supporter. He came back a moment later with the papal galleys to Ancona, where they immediately disarmed and empty the Venetians were sent back. revint Il à la même avec les Galeres pontifical à Ancône, où elle vide désarmés immédiatement et les ont été de nouveau Vénitien envoy.

Capello, who alone is the small coastal castle Risano in the Gulf of Cattaro, occupied, took this dismal outcome of which began with such high hopes the campaign so to heart that he was shaken in mind and body on the deepest, into a serious fell disease, which obliged him to resign the command and to spend the rest of his days in the Zurückgczogenheit. Capello, qui, ni la petite côte Risano château, dans le Golfe de Catta "

Oxytetracycline Acne Alcohol

Violation de même avec les plus sévères sanctions à corps, le bien et la vie doit être sanctionnée. "Because it - it was said, for example, the reason to the princes, counts, prelates, knights, captains, etc directed land of the principality of Carniola Royal Decrees of 1 "En effet, que - disait-il, par example, dans le donc les princes, Comte, Prélats, des chevaliers, des chefs de terre, etc principality you Krain visé ROYAL DECREES du 1 er Octobn -" mug erkhennen Turgkisch the emperor, that we are autonomous in the peace, echoed the same ga'ntzlich decided, and acted so against it, was to have the tight to seriously sake '). " Octobn - "mug Turgkisch l'empereur erkhennen, la paix que nous avons Adopt, le même écho à décidé ga'ntzlich, et il avait été avec le sérieux de Dawid agi rationalis veulent avoir '). "

third chapter. Troisième chapter. Events at sea and the war with the Republic "blil Venice to the peace treaties in 1540. Les événements de la mer et de la guerre avec la République» blil Venise conclusions à la paix en 1540th

I) The Persian campaign and Händelzur I) La Perse et la campagne Händelzur

lake to the outbreak of the Venetian mer, à l'éclatement de la Vénitienne

war. Guerre.

Having now Sultan Suleiman the peace with King Ferdinand of zen at the northern limits "had its European empire given rest, be" excellent fchäftigten two things in his all-embracing "spirit and his ceaseless activity again: the campaign against Persia, and the extension his command of the sea. Après avoir la paix avec Sultan Suleiman par le roi Ferdinand de maintenant, le nord of limites "de son empire zen européen avait procure calme, be" fchäftigten surtout deux choses tout son vaste »et son esprit agit activity again: la campagne en Perse et l 'Enlargement de son règne maritimes.

^ notice de "peace" in Carniola: Ae'vay V.I53 aav. ^ Avis de «paix» dans Krain: Ae'vay V.I53 aav. A completely identical announcement in Latin, he> went vctober also to the commanders of the other border countries, including de »II. Une communication IdentiQuik en latin, il> a été également aux commandants adressee les frontières des autres pays, de "vctober II This means, among others, an" Lt, i "U
u" 8t3tu "eu" lliini »luelit, r "p" iilmt Inüe nu "llo N ^ e ^ io IUlln6» to eontl "f" ient "ii>" ut non obt "mp" n> "" un6 "m pr '^ ict" c "piti" nt «T vitll» muletll »in« ullo r »p« «tu P!« you »nt« t puni »nt, boni," 6 li »«: um n »tr» »» zium
u «8t3tu »« eu «lliini» luelit, r «p« iilmt Inüe nu »LLO N ^ e ^ io IUlln6» to eontl «f» «ient« II> »ut non OBT« mp «n> nt« »« un6 «m pr «^ ict« c »Misses» «t vitll» muletll »à« ullo r »p« «tu P! «Et» nt «Puni t» nt, boni, "6 li» «: pour n» tr »» »zium

und von der Schah Persien. et le Shah de Perse. 749 749

The ratios of the gate to the Shah of Persia had since Suleiman's throne had been nothing less than peaceful and friendly. Les ratios de la porte du Shah de Perse a été depuis Suleiman's pouvoir par rien moins que pacifique et amical été. The "between the two since the defeat of Shah Ismail's continuing-voltage would probably long since broken out into open war, if not Suleiman had the execution of his grand plans for the expansion of his empire in Europe included a far greater importance than these Asian affairs. Entre les deux depuis la victoire Shah Ismail's continue morceau "du règlement serait probablement depuis longtemps dans la guerre ouverte déclarée, si ce n'est de l'exécution de ses Suleiman grands projets pour l'agrandissement de son empire en Europe, une importance plus élevée aurait été resolu, ce que les affaires asiatiques. At least he had the Successor Ismail's, Shah Thamasb, which did not seem inclined to be against his power and to humble pride, the same for its accession to the throne in 1524 in a very threatening letter positively, he clarified, "he decided, his arms to Tabriz wear and Azerbaijan, and pitch his tent in Iran and Turan, in Samar country and Khorasan, would prefer "only his field against Hungary and Rhodes had ihn bisher verhin "DCRT, diesen seinen Entschluß auszuführen; nun werde aber er gegen ihn seine siegreichen Zügel lenken, um das Land, das ihm nicht Gebühr, in Besitz zu nehmen und die Welt von zu seinem Dasein fluchwürdigen reinigen '). At least he took the Ismail's successor, Thamasb Shah, who seemed gesonnen not, before his power and pride demüthigen upon accession to the throne in 1524 in the same letter, he threatens to "said he had decided its weapons after Tebra and Azerbaijan to his tent, and Iran and Turan in Samarland and Chorasan aufzuschlagen; only his area "would generate Rhodes, Hungary and cons have to date de prevenir "DCRT exécuter cette décision Sat, mais maintenant il serait de ses victorieux renes diriger contre lui, dans le pays, qui lui constituent pas en prendre possession et le monde de la Malediction de son existence digne à nettoyer).

had passed since that terrible threat for almost a year, "Zehender. Depuis cette était presque un horrible menace to "Zehender passé. Only now seemed a fitting time to have come to make her the truth. Maintenant que le bon moment d'être venu semblait à la vérité de faire. Be an "event but this is hardly needed, but this also not wanting. Être un «événement mais à peine, il a fallu, mais aussi de ce manque pas. The Grenzvcrhältnisse of the Ottoman Empire was, as in Europe, remained so even after this side in an indefinite dubious position. Les Grenzvcrhältnisse de l'Empire ottoman, comme en Europe, notamment vers cette page que dans une situation indéterminée douteux rest. There was constant friction and multiple temptation to drop for faithless and tyrannical governor. Il y avait constamment of frictions et de nombreux à la tentation de déchets et traître Préfet dominateur.

had Sun at this time of the Ottoman governor of Biblis, Scherifbeg, renounced Suleiman and issued under the Persian Shah protection, while auf der andern Seite die von persischen Statthalter Aserbeidschan und Baghdad lllama und Sulfa-shan kar dem Sultan Thus, at this time of the Ottoman prefect of Biblis, Scherifbeg, Suleiman Shah and Persian losgesagt minutes of protection, while the another, the prefect of Persian Azerbaijan and Baghdad, and kar-Sulfa lllama Chan Sultan
I) Diese "Schreiben wird nach Guleiman" Hagebuche gegeben bei Nd Hammer. I) The "Letter of Guleiman" charming when Nd hammer. lll, T. 2. III, T. 2.
der ihre Dsmanen Huldigung und der mit ihr zugleich die letztere Schlüssel von darbrachten Baghdad. Dsmanen their tribute and the last time with him clés de Bagdad were offering. But both were not able to keep its own against the power of the Shah. Mais les deux ne sont pas en mesure, à lui seul contre le pouvoir du shah se tenir. Ulama made a futile, attempt to win back Biblis and Sulfakar had its waste even pay with their lives, while Baghdad once the dominion of the Shah was subjected. Ulama a fait un vain, essai de Biblis à peu, et même avec ses a dû Sulfakar déchets perdent la vie, alors que la sway Baghdad encore du shah a été soumis. That could not tolerate Su glue. Cela a pu Su colle pas à tolérer. What is not his vassals succeeded, he wanted to assert themselves now. Ce qui n'est pas parvenu à ses Vassaux, il a voulu lui-même l'appliquer. The campaign to Persia and was adopted immediately after the conclusion of peace with King Ferdinand put into effect. La campagne en Perse, et il fut décidé après la conclusion de la aussitôt paix avec le roi Ferdinand en œuvre. He lasted two years and is distinguished by two outstanding facts: the conquest of Te "bris and the occupation of Baghdad. Il à durée deux ans et elle est remarquable par deux excellent facts: la conquête de Te "bris et la possession de Bagdad.

Ibrahim sat at the head of Persia-Ibrahim beftimm after a mis à la tête de l'après-Persia beftimm

1533 tcn army already in the autumn of 1533 to Asia Minor, wintered at Aleppo and held after arms in the spring of TCN dès 1533 dans de petits automne 1533 sur l'Asie, et Hivern a Haleb a tenu, après avoir, au printemps

1534 1534 fixed the locks at the Lake of Wan and on the way to the Persian capital almost without firing a shot taken in possession, had on 15 1534 1534 fixe les châteaux au bord du lac de Wan et sur la route de la capitale de la Perse presque sans coup épée avait pris possession, le 15 July its way into Tabriz, leave that in the Shah opened again without resistance its gates . Son entrée en juillet Tabriz, qui, par le Shah d'abandonné, même sans résistance a ouvert ses gates.

About a month earlier had left Constantinople Suleiman himself only to follow Ibrahim. Environ un mois plus tôt avait Suleiman, Ibrahim même Constantinople quitter à suivre. About Nicaea, Kutahia, Alschehr Konia and he also met on 27 À propos de Nice, Kutahia, et il a également Konia Alschehr rencontre le 27 September in a Tabriz, where, after brief contains on "the train to Baghdad has continued. Septembre, dans un Tabriz, d'où, peu après sur "contient, le train à Bagdad a été poursuivie. With enemies had been little more with the Unfavorable elements and the hardships of the march to fight. Avec, on avait peu d'ennemis, de la plus défaveur de la problematique et les éléments de la marche à combattre. Baghdad was the first mid-winter to late Decem-ber reached, and since it had been abandoned at the approach of Dsmanen of its crew, Ibrahim filled without further notice. Baghdad en plein hiver a été, à la fin de Decem-ber, et Precaucion, parce que le rapprochement of Dsmanen de son equipage, a été abandonné, d'Ibrahim, sans autres occupé.

The winter months Suleiman brought there especially with the establishment of the administration of the conquered land Les mois d'hiver a Suleiman there especially with the introduction of the management of the conquered country

1535 zu. In 1535. In den ersten Tagen wurde der of April 1535 Rückmarsch angetreten. In the first days of April 1535 was the return OFFERED. Er war und nicht minder langwierig beschwerlich. It was no less difficult and time consuming. Volle drei Monate vergingen, ehe man 3e> Persien in 4533-4536. Three months passed before full 3e> Persia 4533 - 4536th 751,751

break wieder erreicht, und noch sechs andere wurden gebraucht, um den Weg nach durch Kleinasien Constantinopel zurückzu-legen, wo Suleiman am 8. breakage yet reached, and six others were needed to guide them across Asia Minor, after due Constantinopel define where Suleiman, 8 Januar 1536 die fast unblutige schönsten of 1536 Vereinigung mit seinem Reiche Persians Theile durch triumphirenden Einzug feiert. January 1536 about the association in 1536 without bloodshed most beautiful Theiler Persia with its rich triumphirenden withdrawal by celebrated. Sowol in Tebra, wie waren in Baghdad osmanische Statthalter zurückgeblieben neugewonnenen Landschaften und die durch die Band alttürkischer Lehnsverfassung Enger year das Reich Sultans gekettet worden. Sowol in Tebra, as in Baghdad, was the Ottoman governor remained upset by the landscapes and the narrow band at alttürkischer Lehnsverfassung l'empire du sultan a été enchaîné. We

this Persian campaign have touched only in his head moments, because he had on the relations of the European-Ottoman Empire, which are preferably subject of our presentation, no lasting and immediate impact. Nous avons dans cette campagne que ses principaux moments persan préjudice, parce qu'il a de la situation de l'Europe et l'Empire ottoman, qui fait l'objet de notre preference, ne sont pas eu une influence a durable et directe. There had, however, even during his lifetime Shah Ismail's, in 1523, between 1523 and Emperor Charles V, between this place, a certain movement, the purpose of an alliance have to simultaneously fight the common enemy seems to be, but he had no more a consistent and engaging episode, as the later shipment of the Knights "Knight John of Valley, which came to pass in 1529 1529 on behalf of the emperor Shah Thamasb to this move to attack the Ottoman Empire in Asia, while he himself, together with King Ferdinand, was going to try to break from Italy and Hungarians from the Suleiman's power in Europe. Il avait certes, Cependant, déjà de son vivant Shah Ismail's, en 1523, entre ce dernier entre 1523 et l'empereur Charles Quint, un certain traffic eu lieu, dont le but the alliances une lutte contre tout en l'ennemi de l ' été seems to be, but it also had little ongoing monitoring and intervention, such as sending future of Saint John "by Jean Knight Valley, which lies in 1529 1529 on the orders of Emperor Shah Thamasb launched for the attack against the Ottoman Empire in Asia to move, while himself with King Ferdinand Kingdom, Italy and Hungary, Suleiman's power in Europe wanted to try to break. Die wenigen Nachrichten, welche sich in den genannten Bevollmächtigten Briefen of the über diese Sendung finden Kaisers, beweisen nur, dass sie nicht zu dem Resultate erwünschten führte, und daß sich in dem Dunkel der Ungewißheit, in welchem \u200b\u200bsie sich verliert, keine Thatsache findet, welche für die damaligen Beziehungen zu den Persians Machtens of Abendland irgend eine Bedeutung gehabt hätte '). The few messages that are in the letters of the agent of the emperor about this issue to find, prove, that does not work the pipe and into the darkness of uncertainty in which it lose Thatsache find relations between Persia at the time the forces of the West had a certain importance ').

l) In der Instruction, welche Karl V. Februar 1529 im dem Ritt "Valley ertheilte, heißt es unter andern:" Ut i 'r', t "" "u" "naked"
" u "luv us
l" v "li" l) à l'instruction, de Charles Quint, en juin 1529 le cheval "imparted Valley, dit-on en changer" UET i 'r', t "" "u "" nu "
" u "us luv
l" v "li"

That one ftht but the campaign Suleiman's i »Persia in Europe with the most intense attention followed, and it tied perhaps even some hope that indeed the results were of the same rather Ver »eitelt as revived, among others, demonstrate the simultaneous correspondence of the French ambassador to Rome, Venice always about what the best news of the status and progress of the Dinge in Persien erhielten '). But we ftht Suleiman's campaign i 'from Persia to Europe with the coupling to test attention and there may even be hope has developed, however, that the same results rather different "have eitelt been like a breath of fresh air, on the other hand, the evidence at the same time sent letters to France, Rome and Venice, which have always the best news of the progress of things and Persia, was').

Höherer weit von Bedeutung von den wichtigsten Fol "gen für die europäischen Verhältnis der war die gleichzeitige Erhebung osmanischen Seemacht im mittelländischen Seas. Plus important de loin, suivi par les principaux "tion de la situation européenne, la perception de la puissance maritime ottomane simultanée dans la mer méditerranéenne. Since the conquest of Rhodes, the fleet was Suleiman's not yet emerged in significant activity. Depuis la conquête de Rhodes, la flotte ne sont toujours pas Suleiman's grand en apparus activity. The Venetians, they had to fear most was succeeded in it by a wise policy 'til then to retain within the Dardanelles. Les Vénitien, qui en ont le plus à craindre, il était parvenu, par une politique »à ce moment-là dans say til the Dardanelles retenir. But die, wenn auch nur durch den vorübergehende Besitznahme Korona Admiral of Kaisers Karl V. musst für Sulei "man eine zu ernste Mahnung breast WAS er in dieser Be> ziehung Fürchten zu habe, wenn er nicht auf seine Seemacht einen seiner entsprechenden Landmacht achtunggebietenden Fuß brindle. But, even temporarily Korona possession by Admiral of the Emperor Charles V, due to Sulei "a serious warning to what he has in the Be> similarly feared that, if not its naval power in his country a power of the mighty foot climb. Denn selbst die von Wiedererobcrung Koron hatte eher ihre Schwach, als ihre Stärke bewiesen. Indeed, even Wiedererobcrung Koron de leur avait plutôt faiblesse, leur force de la preuve.

lacked vessels are Suleiman course not, a large number of them were resistant to all sizes of sail "ready in the ports of Constantinople and Gallipoli, the main station locations of the Ottoman fleet, the seats at Beglerbeg of the sea, in the shipyards there was a UN" suspended activity, the Arsenale were with. De navires, il n'existe pas non pas Suleiman, un grand nombre de toutes les tailles de même voile était stable "realisee dans les ports et de Constantinople, Gallipoli, la station principale des lieux de la flotte ottoman, dans les sièges de la Beglerbeg la mer, sur shipyards was a 'submissions Thätigkeit arsenals have been involved. Allem age> Fullt, WAS zum Bau und zur Unterhaltung einer großen Armata gehört. It handles> that satisfies the construction and management of a large Armata belonged. Aber das Ganze war doch noch in eine "sehr mangelhaften Zustand. But everything was still a "very bad condition. Es fehlt year geschickten Schiffs' baumeistern, tüchtigen Werkleutcn, einer guten Bemannunz He also lacked skillful ship "BAUMEISTER, Werkleutcn efficient, good Bemannunz,
<»ir« enlenclre no«tre üitenciuu, et I« r« r r inoolenc the" r inoolenc the "<» ir «enlenclre pas« tre üitenciuu, et I «r«
1)>
it "t! ° n" Nd. 1)>
it "t! No. "Nd. I. p. I. p. 253, 2 "4, 2" ", 27". 253, 2 "4, 2" ", 27".
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3rd Birthday Wording Invitations

flippantly arriva et Bulgares Les Anglais en Illyrie

knows the difference in manners which it does not railon but this contradiftion vanishes when we consider that in the last part of this paflage he speaks of the people he called Blaque, and forms to their caufe two doubts: the first, ignoring the Wallachians Peloponnefus, or those on the mainland, are come down the inhabitants of Epirus, the other how he himself Wallachians The fact that do not have the same manners as Tribalks &; other tribes of the same nation. At these two doubts attach it appears a third, as the manner in which the Wallachians themfelves established in the different countries they occupy. It thus continues, fans & i always repeat the name of Blaque, as in previous phrafe. "They live below & beyond the" Danube, and extended their domination "in a region vaft: do fold" confuse the High & Bafil Myfie, "as if they were both in-"this side of the Danube and it is more EXAF t" that is to the high Myfie - beyond "the river: the Bafil Myfie EFT that" that is said to be inhabited by the Bul-"stations" .

Chalcondyle acid certainly speaks to the high Myfie the occasion of îlaques, whose country has alfo been defi-sised under that name by some Westerners, and not without some reason, fince> Wallachians that most neighbors Danube were the former Myfiens, fled Nicetas-Vant. Let us now all Blac ^ jes we believe we have found Chalcocondyle.Les Lit. Wallachians of Peioponnèfe must be the 'same people whose * 3 Phrantfa a portrait of little benefit all the name of Al-Banite, when he speaks of wars Peloponnefus: these treacherous changeoient several times in a masters alone femainC) & they are always ftipuloient laifferoit custody of their towns & they called their cities cif-tras, in their language mingled barbarism. This language, as we see, was to be half Latin. <ß<> <ß <> The same author, speaking of an expedition of Muhammad II. in Aetolia, and around Neupaâe, then we ap-pelloit Galata. "Mahomet," he said, "flavery reduced them by all the inhabitants" of this country, not Leul those who "were Venetians but alfo his tri-"the little bit of Wallachia. We see by then what can bring himself to doubt the first Chalcondyles. Epirus, country voifm of Aetolia, had "the Wallachians habhans-for, and that knew not where they were seen to form as venus.Oa Albanians affermages tions relating to the doubts they had iur the Wallachians. It begins with a/Tu- rer they are not Illyrians, 'tis to say they do pafcîl'origine Efcla-Vonne, but I do, he says, to be evidence 5c the aroir heard to people instructed that the Albanians are parties Epidamnus stretches-, rent in the maritime parts of Europe who watch the east, & Having fubdued Etolia, Acarnania, and much of Macedonia, they settled in these regions, and extends to nearly till the Euxine Getting to the Danube, and till 'in Thessaly.

Through the notions of the author confufed little instructed, we see that the Albanians were the same ones we call Wallachians-Loit, between Dace & Pindus, in Aetolia, they were not different small Vlachs ; in the Peloponnesian fe, we called them indifferently or Wallachians Albanity: but we can never deny that a people-party Dyrra chium made all the conquests that assigns this Chalcocondy le.Tout there is truth in his aflertion, is that desAlbanines themselves, 'was voifm Dyrrachium.

Acropolita George, speaking of the main c of your contemporaries of Theo-Epirus "IORE Lafcaris, said that after the death of Michael, his brother Theodore ruled Epirus & his domination stretched too far," he added, because said - he, in his dominions *> a large extent of country-it,> up to the Italians, and a much larger 9 yet he conquered as "Bulgarians. We reckoned among his "conquests of Thessaly, Achrida, Pri-'laps, Albanum, and even Dyrrachium." ft He captured the latter city, " lofque Pierre (Courtenay) * came to re-proclaim the rights of his wife, who "was sister of Emperor Baldwin & Henry. Peter was beaten nearly Dirr-'v, chium, shortly after his landing,' "the patted river, and went to commit *> in the mountainous territory & difficult. "Cult of Albanum or shortly after, he said Perjes * & a battle of life."

Throughout this passage does Albanum pa-roof be a city, which should rather have given his name to Albanity Aibanois only, and that we ought to do ~ not fufpect that the inhabitants themselves fuf-ient in till tranfported the Pelo-ponèfe; but when Cians another in ^ '

g. 49, right ',' George Acropolita speaks of a "Toyen of Albano, named Gulam, who encamped in the territory deCaftorie, with an army that had closed at AI-bench, you start to believe that this name could become that of a great and ftrong people: and there is no doubt that Albania does Foit the same we just talk when we con-fi'dere that défeftton of Gulam, who is handler, gave the emperor John , put in im unfortunate state of affairs Michael, despot of Epirus & the Thessaly; & lorfque shortly after we see the same yield to the emperor Michael Castle Prilape, Bolofe & Croas in Albania, he shall flay the more we doubt that this name has been the 'one country confiderable, and the same-precife, lies that we have always called for Albania, &: in which the fortrefs became so fameufe to believe, to have been the bulwark of the Christians; when the Scan-derberg defended, & enfortoit like a lion from his lair, the cons * formidable armies of the Ottomans.



7. ment to Chabaron Constantine, and he himself, having been taken in these Uiffé; i


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ïrees, went to the Theffalonique Berroce, where he took the road to Albano, where he erriva by Beavers Achrida in laif-child behind Servia. He went to Albano with the most distinguished inhabitants of this country that led to Dyrra-thium. He had made himself from thence to Prilape "iorfqti'il learned that the" commander of Albano had been betrayed by his step-remover, & priibnnier was the despot Michael. As foon he took the road A-Chrid to try to recover upon a better footing Aibanltts affairs, and sent to meet a butler of the emperor, but he was afterwards to retire too fceureux of Albano; for fijoute there, the. Nation Albanity had entered into the conspiracy of Michel & s'étoit league with this perfidious despot, Peace himfelf Albanity fans that the obedience of fools rentraffent Theodore Lafcaris: thus he is not surprised, "am that being united with the remnants def-Fote, they have attributed the conquests made in different time, the princes of Epirus, and that we have confused the Wallachians the OVEC, which they différoient ford by their names.

he is not suspicious, methinks, 'Albania has been the name of a country few e Dyjraçhium, I n'aflureroiç not even there had a city

C. 6 It seems to me however that the name of Al-**, Ducas Banite that always gives Alba, is rather derived from a proper name of that city of a country name and finalize at least to prove that the name of Alba was not their own point, and they were pulling their main city or country or their country. There is every appearance that la'nature of this country was mountainous, gave rise to the name crazy
€ which was known, because they call Albss

fcrof. c. Alps or the mountains of this district, as apella Pyrenees mountains that were still not far away. But whatever the territory of Albania, or the mountains that gave their name to the Albanians, have no doubt that this name does Foit become that of all peoples reflernbloient them, and has been the fynonyme /,».!/ > or very nearly fromLondon Wallachians. Syr

*-*,*, Gianni said Cantacuzino, furrendered by Locri & Acarnania among the Albanians who live around the Thessaly (irf 6c. Kl. As the Achelous). Such are the shepherds in-

Vi-'
Lional of the empire, and they do avoîéift nothing to fear in their mountains. An "irony would have even been unable to punish them if had carried with him a "troupe who were Turs fantafïîns. & Very good archers. Thus the Roman militia was become impotent against these savages quimul-forts of the tiplioient defpotime & the vexations of her slaves to fouvefain & privileged, and he himself was forming in the heart of the empire of independent republics, which all his abforboient fubftance. Tei them were communities Albanoi - his, as the lord of the Vlachs .. But I have to keep the evidence I enterprize of the plurality of-Vala, chies. .

4.iS, P. Murat, son of Orchan, still says * * "George Phrantza, I already As the small city of Aetolia Vlachs, Bulgarians Amurath takes away a small part of their country. It was Bajazet, Vant-fled the same author, who after Cosquer part of Albania, marched against Milfzas, Prince of Blache, 8c took away much of his statements. But he dared not fight Miltzas in difficult places where he had retired, and grant him peace, provided he alfo Ferci

conquered much of Servia & Bulgaria (but you can not see point he has ever pafîe the Danube, where I concluded that Wallachia, over which reigned Miltzas, was anffi voi "fine Servia as Bulgaria , And one of those who were south of the Danube).

Muhammad, son of Bazajet continues c. j "Phrantza do himself was no sooner made himself master of the whole empire had woven pofîedé his father, he increased the toll of Wallachia & Mauro on £ ogdiane. The "Mauro Wallachia Wallachia was black? or rather what qu'arrofoit fleuveMau-rus, near which Alexius Comnenus Avoi t beat Patzinaces, after being joined by Enos-fene melifera recruits in the country had made voifm, Oc Wallachians which were making a good party: it was alfo in this country. Confequently in le.voifinagc of J'Hebre , Mount qu'étoit Maurus. The Mauro-Wallachia was therefore a part of ancient Thrace or Macedonia.

Aftnirat, son of Mohammed, always says c. ; 'Phrantza, attacked, but without the 4 Vlachs & Mauro-Vlachs, and retired with loss. Having afterwards undertook another expedition against ^ e
< dépendans, avec lefquels Syrgiaone s'4; toit lié d'amitié, lorfqu'il commandent en Occident. Ils lui donnerent des gui- U. c.* des qui le conduisent chez le crales de Servie. Quelque tems après Andronic le jeune étant en Theflalie,les Albanois, qui fans avoir de rois menoient la vie paftorale fur les montagnes de cette province , & qu'on appelloitMalacafiens , Pocciens & Mafarites, du nom de leurs chefs, vinrent trouver cet empereur , au nombre de douze mille, le falucrent & lui offrirent leurs fervices. Ce n'étoit pas qu'ils vouluflent fe foumettre à lui ; mais comme l'hiver approchoit, ils crai- gnoient que les Romains n'en profitaf- icnt pour les détruire : car outre qu'ils n'avoient point de villes , le féjour des montagnes, où ils fe tenoient pendant l'été, leur devenoit infupportable par le froid qu'il y faifoit en hiver , & qui les obligeoit de defcendre dans la c plaine ; non que ces Albanois ne fuflent belliqueux ; ils l'avoient prouvé plus d'une fois aux dépens des villes voifi- nes, & le prouverent encore peu après en renouvellent leurs brigandages ordinaires dans le territoire de plufieurs villes fituées entre la Theflalie & Epi- damne ; mais ils n'ofoient attendre dans la praine la cavalerie Romaine qui étoic compofée alors de toutes les troupes na«